Jumat, 06 Oktober 2006
-------------------------------------
MENELUSURI TULISAN SEKITAR 'PERISTIWA 1965'-- < 3 >
* * *
Entah kapan Menkum HAM, Hamid Awaluddin, akan datang ke Den Haag dan Paris, masih belum jelas. Katanya dalam bulan Oktober ini. Tapi siapa tahu? Menurut berita yang tersiar sebegitu jauh, maksud kedatangan beliau adalah untuk melaksanakan kebijaksanaan Presiden SBY bersangkutan AJAKAN PULANG bagi para eksil yang sejak 1965 bermukim di pelbagai negeri
Apa bisa menyederhanakan soal pencabutan paspor secara sewenang-wenang oleh penguasa, --menjadi demikian 'simple'? Bukankah soalnya begitu serius dan berat? Bukankah hal itu berlatar belakang pelanggaran HAM terbesar dalam sejarah Indonesia, i.e. Peristiwa 1965. Semua meyadari bahwa dampak dan akibat (pelanggaran HAM oleh penguasa militer sejak 1965 ) terhadap rakyat biasa, sampai sekarang masih berlangsung terus. Para korban dengan keluarganya yang meliputi sekitar 20 juta jiwa itu, masih terus memikul penderitaan didiskriminasi, dimarginalisasi, distigmatisasi, dikucilkan dan disudutkan, dituduh, difitnah dan sekali lagi difitnah. Sampai sekarang ini masih ada keluarga , atau salah satu anggotanya, yang masih takut mengakui bahwa si Badu atau si Polan itu adalah bapak atau pamannya, adik atau abangnya, bahwa itu adalah keluarga mereka. Mengapa? Sederhana saja sebabnya. Karena si Polan dan si Badu itu adalah eksp-tapol, pernah di Buru, pernah dipenjarakan, pernah dekat dengan PKI atau memang pernah PKI. Seperti pengakuan seorang eks tapol dalam tulisannya baru-baru ini.
Yang oleh penguasa Orba dan pendukungya , dianggap kejahatan terbesar di Indonesia, adalah bila dulunya pernah ikut gerakan yang berafiliasi dengan PKI, atau malah pernah anggota PKI. Bahkan bukan anggota PKI sekalipun, asal saja dituduh PKI atau simpatisan PKI, sudah cukup diperlakukan sewenag-wenang oleh penguasa.
Coba saja simak berita-berita sekitar 30 September, sementara pers getol sekali menonjolkan tentang apa yang dikatakan 'bahaya Komunis' dan 'bahaya bangkitnya kembali PKI', dsb. Mengingatkan kembali bahwa kurikulum pelajaran sejarah, sesuai TAP MRPS No. XXV, Th 1966, harus menyoroti tentang 'bahaya komunis'. Meskipun tidak ada satu manusia jujur dan normal bisa percaya berita-berita dan isu-isu yang menyangkut 'bahaya komunis' dsb, tokh berita-berita seperti itu tak pernah berhenti. Apa maksudnya kalau bukan untuk menyabot usaha dan kegiatan menuju ke rekonsiliasi nasional atas dasar kebenaran dan keadilan. Bahkan maksud sementara aktivis pro-demokrasi dan reformasi, dalam masyarakat untuk mendirikan Partai Persatuan Pembebasan Nasional, yang bertujuan untuk mempersatukan kekuatan poitik alternatif, terbanding kekuatan-kekuatan politik yang berkuasa sekarang yang sudah begitu bergelimang dengan birokrasi, bias kekuasaan dan korupsi, belum lagi lahir sudah didemo. Tak ketinggalan dituduh bahwa itu adalah 'gerakan komunis'.
Banyak dari para eksil yang sudah mengambil kewarganegaraan negeri tsb, tidak lain tidak bukan, karena keterpaksaan, demi pertimbangan keamanan dan pertimbangan lainnya. Ajakan SBY agar “para mahid” pulang, sesungguhnya sudah tidak relevan lagi. Karena sebagian besar dari para eksil itu sudah beberapa kali pulang balik ke Indonesia, melepas rindu dengan tanah air dan keluarga. Mereka bisa pulang, karena sudah memiliki paspor asing.
Tragis juga, orang-orang eksil Indonesia yang sudah memiliki paspor asing, malah merasa lebih aman, tahu dan yakin ada jaminan ada otoritas yang melindungi mereka. Bahwa bila “terjadi apa-apa” - misalnya “diamankan”, pada waktu berkunjung ke Indonesia - , ada suatu pemerintah, suatu negara yang akan tampil membela hak-hak mereka sebagai warganegara, sebagai manusia. Negara atau pemerintah tsb adalah negara dimana mereka pernah minta suaka dan kemudian memperoleh kewarganegaraan negeri tsb.
* * *
Walhasil, beginilah saran saya kepada Menteri Menkum HAM, Hamid Awaluddin, yang akan datang hendak menjumpai (mudah-mudahan bersedia untuk berdialog dan bertukar hati sebagai sesama bangsa Indonesia) 'para eksil' yang empatpuluh tahun lebih dengan sewenang-wenang dicabut paspornya:
Please, please, please, diharap janganlah menganggap masalah kesewenang-wenangan penguasa mencabut paspor warganegara sendiri yang tak bersalah, yang dalam tahun 1965 kebetulan sedang berada diluarnegeri, --- sebagai soal 'mengajak mereka pulang' semata. Jangan menganggap masalah itu sebagai sekadar masalah memberikan paspor baru. Jangan anggap soal itu sekadar mengisi formulir di KBRI, . . . . habis ceritera.
Jangan ---- jangan! Sebab itu berarti mengambil sikap munafik seperti 'burung unta' yang meyembunyikan kepalanya dalam pasir. Dengan berbuat demikian, ia menganggap bahwa yang ia (pura-pura) tidak lihat itu, adalah sebagai sesuatu yang sesungguhnya tidak ada, sebagai sesuatu yang non-existence. Bukankah sikap demikian itu berarti menutup mata terhadap kenyataan yang riil.
* * *
Belum lama berselang, dalam rangka menanggapi masalah orang-orang Indonesia yang dengan sewenang-wenang dicabut paspornya oleh Orba, seorang wartawan Radio Hilversum, Abuprijadi Santoso, menulis sebuah artikel di s.k berbahasa Inggris, The Jakarta Post. Artikel tsb berjudul ( dalam bahasa Inggris). berjudul
RECOGNIZING and RECTIFYING THE ERRORS OF THE PAST. Dalam bahasa Indonesia diterjemahkan bebas: MENGAKUI DAN MENGKOREKSI KESALAHAN DI MASA LAMPAU
Artikel Tossi (sapaan akrab terhadap Abupriyadi Santoso) tsb baik dan oleh karenanya pantas dibaca oleh Menkum HAM, Hamid Awaluddin. Semoga memperluas pemahaman beliau mengenai masalah yang akan ditanganinya.
Abupriyadi Santoso menitik beratkan pada masalah MENGAKUI KESALAHAN LAMPAU -- kesalahan pelanggaran undang-undang dan HAM, mencabut paspor warganegara yang tidak bersalah – kemudian harus MEREKTIFIKASINYA, MENGKOREKSINYA.
* * *.
Juga mengenai masalah yang sama, yaitu masalah orang-orang Indonesia eksil, Dita Indah Sari, Ketua PRD, menulis sebuah artikel di sk Jakarta Post, 03 Oktober 2006.Dita Indah Sari menyatakan bahwa: Para warga yang dicabut paspornya secara sewenang-wenang itu, sikap pemerintah bukanlah memberikan mereka suatu 'mercy' , 'belas kasihan' atau 'pengampunan'. Yang harus dilakukan pemerintah adalah memberlakukan KEADILAN, JUSTICE . Judul artikel Dita Sari berbuyji sbb:
STATELESS INDONESIANS DESERVE JUSTICE NOT MERCY.
Tepat sekali Dita Sari ketika menyoroti mereka yang sekarang disebut orang-orang EKSIL itu, ' bukan kaum separatis, ' were not separatists. Nor did they try to divide the Unitary Republic of Indonesia (to borrow the government's terminology) . Many even took part in or were involved in the war to defend the republic from the Dutch, and, ironically, were subsequently abandoned by the republic.Unlike GAM, they never once stopped feeling themselves to be Indonesian, loving Indonesia, thinking like Indonesians, speaking the Indonesian language. Like a child yearning for its mother, they are tired of longing for their mother country from afar.
Perhatikan yang ditulis Dita Sari menanggapi kelirunya penggunaan kata-kata 'mahid' dalam mempersoalkan orang-orang Indonesia yang paspornya dicabut sewenang-wenang oleh penguasa”:
'First, the term used by the government to refer to the exiles is "eks-mahid", meaning former government contracted students. They are referred to by this term because after their period of study was completed, they were obliged to work as government employees for a certain period of time as their overseas studies had been paid for by the state. This term is erroneous because it was not only students who lost their citizenship following the G30S affair but everyone who at the time was overseas and deemed to be politically opposed to the New Order regime. '. . . . . The name "eks-mahid" is actually misleading, even divisive. Will the rehabilitation policy only apply to former students? It would be more correct and fairer for them to be categorized as political victims of Soeharto's New Order.
'Second, according to Yudhoyono and Awaluddin the planned repatriation is based on the spirit of reconciliation following the ratification of the new Citizenship Law. There are also humanitarian grounds, because most are now quite old. However this way of thinking is narrow and shallow in character. Why? Because the exiles' problem is a political one, not just administrative. Therevocation of their citizenship while carrying out duties overseas violated the lawand human rights. It is a political crime because it resulted in hundreds, perhaps thousands, of people suddenly becoming stateless, without status and being abandoned to live in a foreign country for years.
'Therefore, the issue must be resolved through a policy decision by the government. The resolution of the exiles' problems should not be linked with the problem of naturalization. Awaluddin's call for the Foreign Affairs Ministry to facilitate the issuance of their citizenship documents indicates that the government does not understand, or pretends not to understand, the real issues. If they are asked to submit a request for naturalization, it means the exiles are equated with other foreign citizens who apply for Indonesian citizenship.
'The good intentions and the seriousness of the Yudhoyono government can be measured by asking the following questions: Is the government willing to acknowledge that the revocation of the exiles' citizenship was a human rights violation and then correct this? Does the Yudhoyono government have the courage to apologize for the political crimes of the New Order? How long will the government continue to cover up the New Order's actions?
'Without addressing this issue, administrative restoration of the exiles' citizenship means the Yudhoyono government denies the human rights violations and injustices committed against thousands of Indonesian people. The spirit of reconciliation and humanitarianism cannot be built on the negation of truth and justice.
'If this aspect remains unaddressed, there will be suspicions that the government only wants to build up an image as a gladiator or hero of human rights, especially so now that it is eying the chair of the United Nations Human Rights Commission. Or perhaps Yudhoyono is dressing up his image to win a Nobel Prize?'
* * *
Kritik Dita Sri terhadap pemerintah mengenai masalah pencabutan paspor secara sewenang-wenang oleh Orba, sungguh tajam. Ia menyatakan bahwa bila masalah pelanggaran HAM tsb tidak dikoreksi, akan terdapat kecurigaan bahwa pemerintah hanya hendak membangun imago sebagai gladiator atau pahlawan HAM, khususnya ketika dewasa ini pemerintah sedang melirik kedudukan sebagai ketua Komisi HAM PBB. Atau barangkali Yudhoyono sedang memperindah imagonya untuk memenangkan Hadiah Nobel?
Betapapun tajam dan pedasnya kritik banyak tulisan terhadap beleid pemerintahi, termasuk kritik Dita Sari, tidak ada jalan lain bagi suatu pemerintah yang benar-benar menyatakan memahami dan mengerti HAM dan mengatahui nasib warganegaranya sendiri yang diperlakukannya secara tidak adil itu ---- kecuali seperti disarankan dalam judul tulisan Abupriyadi Santoso, yaitu:
MENGAKUI DAN MENGKOREKSI KESALAHAN MASA LAMPAU!.
* * *
Berikut ini dimuat selengkapnya artikel Dita Indah Sari dalam The Jakarta Post, 3 Okt 2006:
STATELESS INDONESIANS DESERVE JUSTICE NOT MERCY -- October 3, 2006
===================================================================
Dita Indah Sari, Chairwoman of the PRD (The People's Democratic Party)
For more then 40 years they have lived overseas after the land where they spilled their blood denied them an entry. This is not a sort of fairy tale, but an episode of history -- a la Indonesia.
Following the eruption of the 30 September Movement (G30S) affair in 1965, hundreds of Indonesian nationals were unable to return home after they were deprived of their passports. It was these people, studying or working overseas in an official capacity, who were precisely the ones who lost their citizenship due to their different political viewpoints. The victims were those deemed to be supporters of founding President Sukarno's political line of Nasakom -- Nationalism, Religion, Communism – or members/sympathizer s of the Indonesian Communist Party (PKI).
After the massive bloodbath that took place all over the country, for Soeharto's New Order regime annulling their passports was therefore a relatively simple matter.
Following the G30S affair, the fate of the many families left behind was unclear, not knowing if they were dead or alive. Most of these victims were forced to suffer endlessly in one place after another until eventually they decided to live in one country where they have stayed to this day. Initially being political escapees, as they needed legal, security and economic certainty they were forced to change their citizenship.
Decades of their productive time elapsed without their being able to contribute anything to the mother country. They are scattered across countries such as Germany, France, the Netherlands, Sweden, Russia and China. On average, they are elderly, over 60 years old.
The political situation began to change after 1998. The government of President Abdurrahman "Gus Dur" Wahid once tried to initiate their repatriation and restoration of their civil rights. Then Minister of Justice and Human Rights Yusril Ihza Mahendra flew to Europe to meet with their representatives, although the effort failed on account of political reasons. For its efforts, the Gus Dur government was accused of compromising with the PKI (Gus Dur also proposed the revocation of a People's Consultative Assembly decree banning the PKI). His successor, Megawati Soekarnoputri, who is Sukarno's eldest daughter, should have been more concerned about the issue, but she remained silent.
More recently, President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono expressed a desire to repatriate them, with Minister of Justice and Human Rights Hamid Awaluddin being tasked with taking charge of the process. The current government wants to give them back their passports and citizenship based on the newly enacted Citizenship Law. The government's intentions are positive, but from various statements the government has made, there are a number of basic issues that need correction, criticism or even challenge.
First, the term used by the government to refer to the exiles is "eks-mahid", meaning former government contracted students. They are referred to by this term because after their period of study was completed, they were obliged to work as government employees for a certain period of time as their overseas studies had been paid for by the state. This term is erroneous because it was not only students who lost their citizenship following the G30S affair but everyone who at the time was overseas and deemed to be politically
opposed to the New Order regime. They were also delegates from various mass organizations (laborers', farmers', young women's, academic, cultural, sporting and journalists' groups), Indonesian representatives on various international organizations and forums, and state officials.
The name "eks-mahid" is actually misleading, even divisive. Will the rehabilitation policy only apply to former students? It would be more correct and fairer for them to be categorized as political victims of Soeharto's New Order.
Second, according to Yudhoyono and Awaluddin the planned repatriation is based on the spirit of reconciliation following the ratification of the new Citizenship Law. There are also humanitarian grounds, because most are now quite old. However this way of thinking is narrow and shallow in character. Why? Because the exiles' problem is a political one, not just administrative. The revocation of their citizenship while carrying out duties overseas violated the law and human rights. It is a political crime because it resulted in hundreds, perhaps thousands, of people suddenly becoming stateless, without status
and being abandoned to live in a foreign country for years.
Therefore, the issue must be resolved through a policy decision by the government. The resolution of the exiles' problems should not be linked with the problem of naturalization. Awaluddin's call for the Foreign Affairs Ministry to facilitate the issuance of their citizenship documents indicates that the government does not understand, or pretends not to understand, the real issues. If they are asked to submit a request for naturalization, it means the exiles are equated with other foreign citizens who apply for Indonesian citizenship.
The good intentions and the seriousness of the Yudhoyono government can be measured by asking the following questions: Is the government willing to acknowledge that the revocation of the exiles' citizenship was a human rights violation and then correct this? Does the Yudhoyono government have the
courage to apologize for the political crimes of the New Order? How long will the government continue to cover up the New Order's actions?
Without addressing this issue, administrative restoration of the exiles' citizenship means the Yudhoyono government denies the human rights violations and injustices committed against thousands of Indonesian people. The spirit of reconciliation and humanitarianism cannot be built on the negation of truth and justice.
If this aspect remains unaddressed, there will be suspicions that the government only wants to build up an image as a gladiator or hero of human rights, especially so now that it is eying the chair of the United Nations Human Rights Commission. Or perhaps Yudhoyono is dressing up his image to win a Nobel Prize?
The government's readiness to give amnesty, to rehabilitate and to provide assistance to the leaders and supporters of the Free Aceh Movement (GAM) is a painful slap in the face. The exiles were not separatists. Nor did they try to divide the Unitary Republic of Indonesia (to borrow the government's terminology) . Many even took part in or were involved in the war to defend the republic from the Dutch, and, ironically, were subsequently abandoned by the republic.
Unlike GAM, they never once stopped feeling themselves to be Indonesian loving Indonesia, thinking like Indonesians, speaking the Indonesian language. Like a child yearning for its mother, they are tired of longing for their mother country from afar. * * *
No comments:
Post a Comment